The Nobel Prize 2025has been awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi — three brilliant scientists who unlocked one of biology’s greatest mysteries:
How does the immune system defend us without attacking our own body?
Their groundbreaking discovery of Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and the FOXP3 gene has transformed modern medical science.
In 1995, Shimon Sakaguchi identified a unique group of immune cells — Regulatory T-cells — that act as a “brake system” for our immunity, keeping it from going out of control.
Later in 2001, Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell discovered the FOXP3 gene, which controls these T-cells.
When this gene malfunctions, the immune system attacks the body — leading to deadly autoimmune diseases like IPEX Syndrome.
This discovery has revolutionized the way scientists understand and treat diseases.
It has opened new pathways for therapies that aim to activate or control Regulatory T-cells — a potential cure for autoimmune disorders, cancer, and organ transplant rejection.
This isn’t just a scientific achievement; it’s the dawn of a medical revolution that will define the future of healthcare.
The scientific community now eagerly awaits the rest of the Nobel week.
The story of these Nobel laureates reminds us — every big discovery begins with a small question.
And who knows… the next Nobel winner might just be from India! 🇮🇳
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