The Nobel Prize 2025has been awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi — three brilliant scientists who unlocked one of biology’s greatest mysteries:
How does the immune system defend us without attacking our own body?
Their groundbreaking discovery of Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and the FOXP3 gene has transformed modern medical science.
🧠 The Discovery: Body’s Built-in Brake System
In 1995, Shimon Sakaguchi identified a unique group of immune cells — Regulatory T-cells — that act as a “brake system” for our immunity, keeping it from going out of control.
Later in 2001, Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell discovered the FOXP3 gene, which controls these T-cells.
When this gene malfunctions, the immune system attacks the body — leading to deadly autoimmune diseases like IPEX Syndrome.
💉 Impact on Medicine
This discovery has revolutionized the way scientists understand and treat diseases.
It has opened new pathways for therapies that aim to activate or control Regulatory T-cells — a potential cure for autoimmune disorders, cancer, and organ transplant rejection.
This isn’t just a scientific achievement; it’s the dawn of a medical revolution that will define the future of healthcare.
📅 Upcoming Nobel Announcements
- Physics – October 8
- Chemistry – October 9
- Literature – October 10
- Peace – October 11
- Economics – October 13
The scientific community now eagerly awaits the rest of the Nobel week.
The story of these Nobel laureates reminds us — every big discovery begins with a small question.
And who knows… the next Nobel winner might just be from India! 🇮🇳
